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1. 棰樼洰: Characteristics in dissolved organic matter and disinfection by-product formation during advanced treatment processes of municipal secondary effluent with Orbitrap mass spectrometry

鏂囩珷缂栧彿: N23080412
鏈熷垔: Chemosphere
浣滆: Xin Huang, Xueli Ren, Zengshuai Zhang, Peng Gu, Kunlun Yang, Hengfeng Miao
鏇存柊鏃堕棿: 2023-08-04
鎽樿:
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is reported to be a precursor to disinfection by-products (DBPs), which have adverse effects on human health. Therefore, it is crucial to effectively remove DOM before water disinfection. Characteristics of DOM and DBPs formation during advanced treatment processes including coagulation, adsorption, ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, and ozone (O₃) oxidation in municipal secondary effluent were investigated in this research. DOM was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy (EEM), and Orbitrap mass spectrometry (Orbitrap MS). Moreover, DBPs formation potential under different advanced treatment processes was also discussed. FTIR results indicated that various functional groups existing in DOM may react with the disinfectant to form toxic DBPs. EEM analysis indicated that DOM in all water samples was dominated by soluble microbial product-like (SMPs) and humic acid-like (HA) substances. The municipal secondary effluent was abundant with DOM and rich in carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms, contained a certain dosage of phosphorus and sulfur atoms, and the highest proportion is lignin. Most of the precursors (CHO features) had positive double bond equivalent subtracted oxygen per carbon [(DBE-O)/C] and negative carbon oxidation state (Cos) in all four different advanced treatment processes. DBPs formation potential (DBPFP) of coagulation, adsorption, UV irradiation, and O₃ oxidation advanced treatment processes were 487鈥糶鈥疞^鈭1, 586鈥糶鈥疞^鈭1, 597鈥糶鈥疞^鈭1, and 308鈥糶鈥疞^鈭1, respectively. And the DBPs precursors removal efficiency of coagulation, adsorption, UV irradiation, and O₃ oxidation advanced treatment processes were 50.8%, 40.8%, 39.8%, and 69.0%, respectively. This study provides in-depth insights into the changes of DOM in municipal secondary effluent at the molecular level and the removal efficiency of DBPs precursors during coagulation, adsorption, UV irradiation, and O₃ oxidation advanced treatment processes.

鏂囩珷浜岀淮鐮:

2. 棰樼洰: Properties of exopolymeric substances (EPSs) produced during cyanobacterial growth: potential role in whiting events

鏂囩珷缂栧彿: N23080411
鏈熷垔: Biogeosciences
浣滆: Marlisa Martinho de Brito, Irina Bundeleva, Fr茅d茅ric Marin, Emmanuelle Vennin, Annick Wilmotte, Laurent Plasseraud, Pieter T Visscher
鏇存柊鏃堕棿: 2023-08-04
鎽樿: . Extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) are an important organic carbon reservoir in many pelagic and benthic environments. The production of EPS is intimately associated with the growth of phyto- and picoplankton. EPS plays a critical role in carbonate precipitation through the binding of cations and by acting as a nucleation site for minerals. Large-scale episodes of fine-grained calcium carbonate precipitation in the water column (whiting events) have been linked to cyanobacterial blooms, including of Synechococcus spp. The mechanisms that trigger these precipitation events are still debated. We pose that the cyanobacterial EPS, produced during exponential and stationary growth phases, plays a critical role in the formation of whitings. The aim of this study was to investigate the production of EPS during a 2-month cyanobacterial growth, mimicking a bloom. The production and characteristics of EPS were examined in different growth stages of Synechococcus spp. using various techniques such as Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy as well as colorimetric and sodium dodecyl sulfate鈥損olyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS鈥揚AGE) assays. We further evaluated the potential role of EPS in carbonate precipitation through in vitro-forced precipitation experiments. EPS produced during the early and late stationary phase contained a larger amount of negatively charged groups than present in EPS produced during the exponential phase. Consequently, a higher Ca2+-binding affinity of the stationary-phase EPS led to the formation of a larger amount of smaller carbonate minerals (<鈥50鈥壜祄) compared to crystals formed in exponential-phase EPS, which were less abundant and larger (>鈥50鈥壜祄). These findings were used to establish a conceptual model for picoplankton-bloom-mediated CaCO3 precipitation that can explain the role of EPS in whitings.
鏂囩珷浜岀淮鐮:

3. 棰樼洰: Unlocking the potential of humic acid production through oxygen-assisted hydrothermal humification of hydrochar

鏂囩珷缂栧彿: N23080410
鏈熷垔: Chemical Engineering Journal
浣滆: Yuchao Shao, Yiqi Geng, Zhihua Li, Yuyang Long, Muhammad Ajmal, Wenjing Lu, Jun Zhao
鏇存柊鏃堕棿: 2023-08-04
鎽樿:
The utilization of biomass as a raw material and production of hydrothermal humic acid (HHA) through hydrothermal method using hydrochar as an intermediate product is a sustainable approach for the preparation of humic acid. In this study, hydrochar was prepared through acid hydrothermal treatment of corn straw and then oxygen was introduced to alkaline hydrothermal treatment of hydrochar to improve the yield of humic acid. It was discovered that an oxygen pressure of 5 bar could significantly enhance the yield of HHA from 41.9 wt% to 49.2 wt% at a hydrothermal temperature of 180 掳C, while oxygen pressures of 10 bar and 20 bar led to a decrease in HHA yield (41.5 wt% to 28.2 wt%). Oxygen addition could also reduce the energy input and the economic cost required for hydrothermal reactions. Further study revealed that the increase in HHA yield was the oxidation of aliphatic carbon in the solid residue derived from hydrochar by oxygen, which became part of the HHA and resulted in weaker fluorescence intensity of the HHA. However, excessive oxygen could increase the oxygen-containing functional groups of the HHA while also causing further cleavage of macromolecular components with high carbon numbers, generating smaller molecules that partially dissolve in the liquid phase. The HHA synthesized at an oxygen pressure of 5 bar showed good performance in promoting Chinese cabbage seedlings growth and was superior to the HHA synthesized in the absence of oxygen in terms of cadmium adsorption. This study proved an improved hydrothermal humification method and provided technical support for industrial applications.

鏂囩珷浜岀淮鐮:

4. 棰樼洰: Revealing Molecular Level Changes of Dissolved Organic Matter in Black Soils during Continuous Leaching and Their Implications for Drinking Water Treatment

鏂囩珷缂栧彿: N23080409
鏈熷垔: ACS ES&T Engineering
浣滆: Peng Zhou, Mingyu Wu, Nigel Graham, Muhammad Saboor Siddique, Long Tian, Wenzheng Yu
鏇存柊鏃堕棿: 2023-08-04
鎽樿: The dynamics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) transport from black soil and its potential effects on the quality, safety, and treatability of water are poorly understood. Here, sequential column leaching experiments with black soil, surface water, and synthetic rainwater were performed to explore the molecular variations in leachable organic matter and its potential influences on water treatment. The fluorescence and UV鈥搗is spectroscopy, together with size exclusion chromatography, showed that the greater proportion of low molecular weight (MW) aliphatic DOM in initial eluates gradually changed to higher fractions of larger aromatic DOM in later eluates. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) revealed a decrease in lignin-like molecules and increase in condensed aromatic components of the DOM upon continuous leaching. The disinfection byproduct formation potential (DBPFP) was reduced with increasing leaching volume, along with the decreasing yields of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Furthermore, compared with that of the first leaching phase (P1), the chlorine reactivity (DBPFP normalized to DOC) of DOM at the tenth leaching phase (P10) increased by 26鈥53%, 51鈥60%, and 39鈥44%, for trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids, and chloral hydrates, respectively, due to increased aromatic fractions in DOM. The principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least-squares path model (PLS鈥揚M) showed that the quantity and quality of DOM leached by surface water and synthetic rainwater were significantly different. Lastly, despite the pronounced variations in DOM properties, the black soil-derived DOM displayed high treatability, with 52鈥71% of DOC, 54鈥69% of trihalomethane (THM) precursors, 60鈥80% of haloacetic acid (HAA) precursors, and nearly all (鈭100%) of the nitrogen-containing DBP (N-DBP), haloketone (HK), and chloral hydrate (CH) precursors being removed by a nanofiltration membrane. Our results will contribute to the understanding of soil DOM mitigation and potential impacts on drinking water production.
鏂囩珷浜岀淮鐮:

5. 棰樼洰: The impact of natural closed depressions on soil organic carbon storage in eroded loess landscapes of East Poland

鏂囩珷缂栧彿: N23080408
鏈熷垔: Land Degradation & Development
浣滆: Renata Ko艂ody艅ska-Gawrysiak, Leszek Gawrysiak, Jean Poesen, Andrzej Plak
鏇存柊鏃堕棿: 2023-08-04
鎽樿: Soil erosion in loess landscapes results in soil organic carbon (SOC) redistribution and storage in SOC pools. Understanding the SOC dynamics is important because changes in the SOC stocks may have impacts on global climate change. However, the topographic-related patterns controlling SOC storage are not well understood. Closed depressions are natural landforms in loess landscapes and preserve buried Holocene soils and SOC-rich colluvia resulting from soil erosion and are SOC pools. The aim of this study was to quantify the impact of natural closed depressions on SOC storage in the loess landscape of the Na艂臋cz贸w Plateau. Buried Holocene soils and colluvial sediments infilling five representative closed depressions were documented and the SOC stocks were calculated. Using GIS analysis SOC from all closed depressions was calculated and mapped. Between 13.5 and 229.78鈥塎g of SOC are in the entire soil profiles of the studied closed depressions, 10%鈥21% of the SOC stock is in the topsoils. The SOC stock in all closed depressions of the study area reaches 172.09鈥265.19鈥塎g鈥塰a^鈭1 and in the soil cover outside the closed depressions is 51.20鈥105.40鈥塎g鈥塰a^鈭1. SOC from closed depressions varies spatially and increases the SOC stock at regional scale by 0.1鈥90鈥塎g鈥塰a^鈭1. For about 21% of the study area, the SOC from closed depressions increases the SOC stock in the agricultural landscape by more than 10% (up to 60%). This study highlights the importance of closed depressions for SOC storage and provides a better understanding of its spatial distribution at the regional scale.
鏂囩珷浜岀淮鐮:

6. 棰樼洰: Effects of organic amendments on soil hydraulic characteristics in the Mollisols of Northeast China

鏂囩珷缂栧彿: N23080407
鏈熷垔: Land Degradation & Development
浣滆: Rui Ma, Zhiyuan Tian, Meiyan Wang, Xuchao Zhu, Yanzi He, Xuezheng Shi, Yin Liang
鏇存柊鏃堕棿: 2023-08-04
鎽樿: Soil degradation in the Mollisol region of Northeast China is ubiquitous partly due to poor soil hydraulic characteristics. Improving soil hydraulic characteristics thus delivers benefits to soil sustainability. In this study, the effects of organic amendments on soil hydraulic characteristics were explored at the laboratory scale. Soil samples were subjected to three low-cost and eco-friendly organic amendments, including corn straw juice (CSJ), fulvic acid (FA), and humic acid (HA). The soil infiltration capacity, soil water characteristic curve (SWCC) and soil water retention capacity were determined by using a steel-ring method and a centrifuge method. The parameters of the SWCC were fitted by a van Genuchten (VG) model, and the specific water capacity [C(h)] was calculated. In addition, bulk density (BD), macroporosity, and soil organic matter (SOM) were measured, and the relationships between the variables and processes were evaluated. The results indicated that the soil infiltration capacity (i.e., initial infiltration rate, cumulative infiltration, and steady infiltration rate) was significantly increased in the CSJ and FA treatments (p鈥<鈥0.05) but decreased in the HA treatment compared to the control (CK) treatment. All the selected organic amendments improved the soil water release and supply capacity, and the CSJ2 treatment showed the best effect. The incorporation of CSJ, FA, and HA significantly improved the soil water retention capacity by increasing the saturated soil water content, field capacity, and plant available water capacity (p鈥<鈥0.05). Such changes were significantly associated with macroporosity and SOM (p鈥<鈥0.05). In this sense, our results showed that the CSJ treatment with 4鈥塋鈥塵^鈭2 and 50% volumetric concentration could be an effective soil amendment to improve the soil hydraulic characteristics in Mollisols and deserves further research.
鏂囩珷浜岀淮鐮:

7. 棰樼洰: Temporal effects of thinning on soil organic carbon and carbon cycling-related enzyme activities in oak-pine mixed forests

鏂囩珷缂栧彿: N23080406
鏈熷垔: Forest Ecology and Management
浣滆: Yu Li, Fathielrahaman H Ajloon, Xiangfu Wang, Saadatullah Malghani, Shuiqiang Yu, Xuehong Ma, Yuanhui Li, Weifeng Wang
鏇存柊鏃堕棿: 2023-08-04
鎽樿:
Thinning, a common practice in forest management, has complex effects on soil organic carbon dynamics. In this study, we examined the effects of precommercial thinning on soil organic carbon (SOC) and carbon cycling-related enzyme activities in a thinning chronosequence (4鈥12 year recovery period) of oak-pine mixed forests in the Qinling Mountains, China. Three treatments were selected, namely, the control (CK) with no thinning, the a4 treatment (thinning 4 years ago), and the a12 treatment (thinning 12 years ago). Soil physicochemical properties, such as SOC, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), easily oxidizable organic carbon (EOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and carbon cycling-related enzyme activities (hydrolase: 尾-glucosidase [BG], cellobiohydrolase [CBH], and invertase [INV]), were assessed. Our results indicated that thinning significantly reduced SOC by an average of 51.67% in a4 compared to CK, whereas SOC in a12 gradually returned to the unthinned level. The levels of EOC, MBC, BG, and CBH were significantly lower under the a4 and a12 treatments than under the CK treatment. Furthermore, the level of MBC was significantly higher in the a12 treatment than in the a4 treatment. There were no significant differences in DOC or INV among treatments. The structural equation model showed that thinning might regulate SOC by initially decreasing soil water content, MBC, and carbon cycling-related enzyme activities, followed by them gradually recovering to unthinned levels. These findings provide a scientific basis for understanding the response of SOC to forest thinning.

鏂囩珷浜岀淮鐮:

8. 棰樼洰: Long-term organic carbon preservation enhanced by iron and manganese

鏂囩珷缂栧彿: N23080405
鏈熷垔: Nature
浣滆: Oliver W Moore, Lisa Curti, Clare Woulds, James A Bradley, Peyman Babakhani, Benjamin J W Mills, William B Homoky, Ke-Qing Xiao, Andrew W Bray, Ben J Fisher, Majid Kazemian, Burkhard Kaulich, Andrew W Dale, Caroline L Peacock
鏇存柊鏃堕棿: 2023-08-04
鎽樿:
The balance between degradation and preservation of sedimentary organic carbon (OC) is important for global carbon and oxygen cycles¹. The relative importance of different mechanisms and environmental conditions contributing to marine sedimentary OC preservation, however, remains unclear^{2,3,4,5,6,7,8}. Simple organic molecules can be geopolymerized into recalcitrant forms by means of the Maillard reaction⁵, although reaction kinetics at marine sedimentary temperatures are thought to be slow^9,10. More recent work in terrestrial systems suggests that the reaction can be catalysed by manganese minerals^11,12,13, but the potential for the promotion of geopolymerized OC formation at marine sedimentary temperatures is uncertain. Here we present incubation experiments and find that iron and manganese ions and minerals abiotically catalyse the Maillard reaction by up to two orders of magnitude at temperatures relevant to continental margins where most preservation occurs⁴. Furthermore, the chemical signature of the reaction products closely resembles dissolved and total OC found in continental margin sediments globally. With the aid of a pore-water model¹⁴, we estimate that iron- and manganese-catalysed transformation of simple organic molecules into complex macromolecules might generate on the order of approximately 4.1鈥塗g C鈥墆r^鈭1 for preservation in marine sediments. In the context of perhaps only about 63鈥塗g C鈥墆r^鈭1 variation in sedimentary organic preservation over the past 300鈥塵illion鈥墆ears⁶, we propose that variable iron and manganese inputs to the ocean could exert a substantial but hitherto unexplored impact on global OC preservation over geological time.

鏂囩珷浜岀淮鐮:

9. 棰樼洰: Toxicity and tolerance mechanism of binary zinc oxide nanoparticles and tetrabromobisphenol A regulated by humic acid in Chlorella vulgaris

鏂囩珷缂栧彿: N23080404
鏈熷垔: Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts
浣滆: Yi Liu, Mengen Kang, Yuzhu Weng, , Xue Bai
鏇存柊鏃堕棿: 2023-08-04
鎽樿: Recent studies have reported that nanoparticles (NPs) released into the aquatic environment may interact with persistent organic pollutants such as brominated flame retardants, whereas the environmental processes and toxicological impacts induced by such binary NPs require further specification. This study investigated the ultrastructural damage of Chlorella vulgaris triggered by exposure to zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs, tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), ZnO-TBBPA, and ZnO-TBBPA-humic acid (HA), clarified the uptake and distribution of ZnO NPs in cells, and explored the physiological toxicity and tolerance mechanism. Results demonstrated that ZnO NPs induced irregular morphology in algal cells, and the disruption of cellular ultrastructure by binary ZnO-TBBPA was also extremely severe due to the excessive uptake of ZnO NPs, which resulted in strong oxidative stress responses. In particular, the accumulation of reactive oxygen species further exacerbated the reduction of total chlorophyll content and algal density. Moreover, the cluster heat map and correlation analysis revealed that superoxide dismutase activity played a critical role in alleviating lipid peroxidation damage and enhancing the tolerance of algal cells to the stress of binary ZnO NPs. More notably, the existence of HA intensified the dispersion stability of NPs suspensions and significantly mitigated the synergistic toxicity of binary ZnO-TBBPA. This study provides new insights into the environmental behavior and biological impacts of binary NPs in the natural environment.
鏂囩珷浜岀淮鐮:

10. 棰樼洰: Ecotoxicity studies of two atrazine nanoformulations: From the evaluation of stability in media to the effects on aquatic organisms

鏂囩珷缂栧彿: N23080403
鏈熷垔: Environmental Pollution
浣滆: Rodrigo Fernandes Castanha, Anderson do Esp铆rito Santo Pereira, Gabriela Patricia Unigarro Villarreal, Jos茅 Henrique Vallim, Fernanda Sana Pertrini, Claudio Martin Jonsson, Leonardo Fernandes Fraceto, Vera L煤cia Scherholz Salgado de Castro
鏇存柊鏃堕棿: 2023-08-04
鎽樿:
In the field of agriculture, nanopesticides have been developed as an alternative to the conventional pesticides, being more efficient for pest control. However, before their widespread application it is essential to evaluate their safe application and no environmental impacts. In this paper, we evaluated the toxicological effects of two kinds of atrazine nanoformulations (ATZ NPs) in different biological models (Raphidocelis subcapitata, Danio rerio, Lemna minor, Artemia salina, Lactuca sativa and Daphnia magna) and compared the results with nanoparticle stability over time and the presence of natural organic matter (NOM). The systems showed different characteristics for Zein (ATZ NPZ) (184鈥扁2鈥痭m with a PDI of 0.28鈥扁0.04 and zeta potential of (30.4鈥扁0.05鈥痬V) and poly(epsilon-caprolactone (ATZ PCL) (192鈥扁3鈥痭m, polydispersity (PDI) of 0.28鈥扁0.28 and zeta potential of 鈭18.8鈥扁1.2鈥痬V) nanoparticles. The results showed that there is a correlation between nanoparticles stability and the presence of NOM in the medium and Environmental Concentrations (EC) values. The stability loss or an increase in nanoparticle size result in low toxicity for R. subcapitata and L. minor. For D. magna and D. rerio the presence of NOM in the medium reduces the ecotoxic effects for ATZ NPZ nanoparticles, but not for ATZ NPs, showing that the nanoparticles characteristics and their interaction with NOM can modulate toxic effects. Nanoparticle stability throughout the evaluation must be considered and become an integral part of toxicity protocol guidelines for nanopesticides, to ensure test quality and authentic results regarding nanopesticide effects in target and non-target organisms.

鏂囩珷浜岀淮鐮:

11. 棰樼洰: Land use regulates the spectroscopic properties and sources of dissolved organic matter in the inflowing rivers of a large plateau lake in southwestern China: implication for organic pollution control

鏂囩珷缂栧彿: N23080402
鏈熷垔: Environmental Science and Pollution Research
浣滆: Rong Wu, Weijie Guo, Yutong Li, Shengjiong Deng, Junjun Chang
鏇存柊鏃堕棿: 2023-08-04
鎽樿:
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) transported by inflowing rivers can considerably contribute to the organic loadings of lakes. The current study characterized the DOM properties and source apportionment in the inflowing rivers of Dianchi Lake, the sixth largest freshwater lake in China suffering from organic pollution, during the rainy season by using spectroscopic and carbon stable isotope techniques, and the regulation role of land use was assessed. The results showed that land use (urbanized, agricultural, or mixed) largely affected DOM properties. Greater concentrations and fluorescence intensities of DOM with low aromaticity and dominant autochthonous sources were observed in the urban rivers than in the agricultural rivers. The proportion of humic-like substances increased, while that of tryptophan-like matter decreased from upstream to downstream of two main urban rivers. DOM in the agricultural rivers was characterized by more amounts of aromatic humic-like substances with dominant allochthonous sources compared to that in the urban rivers. Stable isotope analysis showed that the decomposition of macrophytes and input of terrestrial sources from C3 plant-dominated soil and sewage were the major DOM origins in the rivers. The positive linear relationship between the chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration and fluorescence intensities of terrigenous DOM components implied the necessity of controlling exogenous inputs to alleviate organic pollution in the Dianchi Lake.

鏂囩珷浜岀淮鐮:

12. 棰樼洰: Effects of incorporating pine-woodchip biochar with reduced NP fertilizer on calcareous soil characteristics, organic carbon, NPK availability, and maize productivity

鏂囩珷缂栧彿: N23080401
鏈熷垔: Journal of Soils and Sediments
浣滆: Waqas Ali Akbar, Hafeez Ur Rahim, Muhammad Irfan, Juha M Alatalo, Muhammad Mudasssir, Jochen Bundschuh
鏇存柊鏃堕棿: 2023-08-04
鎽樿:

Purpose

One of the successful and sustainable methods to restore low-fertility soils over the past few decades has been the integrated effect of biochar made from various feedstocks and chemical fertilizers. However, the impact of combining chemical fertilizers with pinewood-chip biochar to restore low-fertility calcareous soils has not been studied. The current study aimed to describe the integrative effects of pine-woodchip biochar and reduced NP fertilizer on soil fertility and maize productivity and to reduce dependency on inorganic fertilization.

Materials and methods

In this regard, a 55-day pot experiment was conducted in the semi-arid agroecosystem to assess the integrated effect of pine-woodchip biochar (pyrolyzed at 450 掳C) with reduced NP fertilizer on soil organic carbon, NPK availability, its uptake by maize, and maize productivity. The experimental design was completely randomized and consisted of six treatments: control, 100%-NP (NP), 5 tons ha^鈭1 biochar (5-BC), 10 tons ha^鈭1 biochar (10-BC), 5 tons ha^鈭1 BC integrated with 50%-NP (5-BC鈥+鈥塏P), and 10 tons ha^鈭1 BC with 50%-NP (10-BC鈥+鈥塏P).

Results

Biochar amendments at 5 and 10 tons ha^鈭1 with and without reduced NP fertilizer significantly increased maize growth and biomass production. Soil pH and electrical conductivity also varied between the treatments, and values were generally higher in BC and NP treatments. Soil organic carbon and soil total nitrogen concentrations were significantly higher in the 5-BC鈥+鈥塏P and 10-BC treatments. Effects on NPK availability and their uptake by maize plants varied between the treatments. A significant positive correlation between soil nitrogen and plant nitrogen and uptake was observed, whereas similar relationships were non-significant and non-consistent for phosphorus and potassium. However, the relationships between the phosphorus and potassium concentrations of the soil and the plant were not significant and inconsistent. However, soil organic carbon was positively correlated with plant NPK uptake, suggesting the contrasting effects of pine-woodchip biochar on NPK availability and their uptake.

Conclusion

Our study concluded that the pine-woodchip biochar with reduced NP fertilizer could enhance maize growth and biomass production while improving soil organic carbon with differential effects on NPK availability and uptake.

鏂囩珷浜岀淮鐮:

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鏇村淇℃伅鍏虫敞鈥滃ぉ鐒舵湁鏈鸿川鐮旂┒鎯呮姤鈥濄



闀挎寜浜岀淮鐮佽瘑鍒叧娉ㄦ垜浠